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17th-6th
C. BCE
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BIBLICAL
TIMES
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|
(BCE
- Before the Common Era)
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c.17th century
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Abraham,
Isaac, Jacob - patriarchs of the Jewish people and bearers of a belief in
one God - settle in the Land
of Israel.
Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt.
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|
c.13th
century
|
Exodus
from Egypt: Moses leads
Israelites from Egypt,
followed by 40 years of wandering in the desert.
Torah, including the Ten Commandments, received at Mount
Sinai.
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13th-12th
centuries
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Israelites
settle in the Land
of Israel
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|
c.1020
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Jewish
monarchy established; Saul, first king.
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c.1000
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Jerusalem made capital of David's
kingdom.
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c.960
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First Temple,
the national and spiritual center of the Jewish people, built in Jerusalem by King
Solomon.
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c.
930
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Divided
kingdom: Judah and Israel
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722-720
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Israel crushed by Assyrians; 10
tribes exiled (Ten Lost Tribes).
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586
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Judah conquered by Babylonia; Jerusalem and First Temple
destroyed; most Jews exiled.
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THE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD
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538-142
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Persian
and Hellenistic periods
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538-515
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Many Jews
return from Babylonia; Temple
rebuilt.
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332
|
Land
conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule.
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166-160
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Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt against
restrictions on practice of Judaism and desecration of the Temple
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142-129
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Jewish
autonomy under Hasmoneans.
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129-63
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Jewish
independence under Hasmonean monarchy.
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63
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Jerusalem captured by Roman general,
Pompey.
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|
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63 BCE-313
CE
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Roman
rule
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63-4
BCE
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Herod,
Roman vassal king, rules the Land
of Israel;
Temple in Jerusalem
refurbished
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|
(CE - The Common Era)
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|
c.
20-33
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Ministry
of Jesus of Nazareth
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|
66
|
Jewish
revolt against the Romans
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70
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Destruction
of Jerusalem and Second Temple.
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73
|
Last
stand of Jews at Masada.
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132-135
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Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome.
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c.
210
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Codification
of Jewish oral law (Mishna) completed.
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FOREIGN DOMINATION
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313-636
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Byzantine
rule
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c.
390
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Commentary
on the Mishna (Jerusalem Talmud) completed.
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614
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Persian
invasion
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636-1099
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Arab
rule
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691
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On
site of First and Second Temples in Jerusalem,
Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Abd el-Malik.
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1099-1291
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Crusader
domination
(Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)
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1291-1516
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Mamluk rule
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1517-1917
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Ottoman
rule
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